Abstract

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine condition that affects roughly 10-15% of women of reproductive age, and one of the most frequent ovarian pathologies in the world.
Aim: to determine the predictive value of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines as predictive biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS.
Materials and methods. The cross-sectional research was performed from 10 January 2025 to 15 November 2025, involved 100 women (75 PCOS, 25 controls). Qualified participants consisted of healthy 18 to 40 years old women. Adipokines and cytokines in blood samples were determined by ELISA during fasting, lipid profile was determined by spectrophotometry, and glucose was determined by spectrophotometry. Waist circumference, blood pressure and BMI were evaluated and metabolic syndrome was harmonized as defined.
Results. The patients of PCOS had a high BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting glucose relative to controls and a low level of HDL-C. The components of metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in PCOS, particularly, central obesity and dyslipidemia. Adiponectin was low, whereas, leptin, TNF-a, and IL-6 were highly increased in PCOS with MetS. These biomarkers were strongly correlated with metabolic parameters and logistic regression found low adiponectin, high leptin, TNF- a, IL-6 and high BMI as significant predictors of metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion. The imbalance of adipokines caused by obesity and the high level of inflammatory cytokines are essential factors that contribute to metabolic syndrome in PCOS. Low adiponectin and high leptin, TNF-A, and IL-6 are known to interfere with insulin signaling and lipid metabolism, which is why they are very predictive of metabolic deterioration.